Extension of an algebraic intermittency model for better prediction of transition in separated layers under strong free-stream turbulence
Abstract
A constitutive law describing the Reynolds stresses in boundary layers undergoing laminar-to-turbulent transition, constructed in previous work by elastic-net regression on an experimental data base, is used to improve an algebraic intermittency model for cases with transition in a separated layer influenced by a high level of free-stream turbulence. The intermittency model is combined with a k-ω turbulence model and the basic version, developed in previous work, functions well for bypass transition in attached boundary layers and for transition in separated boundary layers under a low free-stream turbulence level. The basic model version is extended by an additional production term in the transport equation for turbulent kinetic energy. A sensor detects the front part of a separated layer and activates the production term. The term expresses the effect of Klebanoff streaks generated upstream of separation on the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability rolls in the separated part of the layer. The Klebanoff streaks cause faster breakdown by the combined effects of a large adverse pressure gradient and an elevated free-stream turbulence level. The extended model does not alter the results of the basic model version for bypass transition in an attached boundary layer and for transition in a separated boundary layer under a low free-stream turbulence level. The extended model significantly improves the predictions of the previous model version for transition in a separated boundary layer under a high free-stream turbulence level.
An accurate data base on laminar-to-turbulent transition in variable pressure gradient flows
Abstract
An experimental data base on attached and separated-flow transitional boundary layers, under various levels of free-stream turbulence, Reynolds number and pressure gradient has been composed, with the aim of providing high-accuracy data and boundary conditions for development and testing of laminar-to-turbulent transition models. Experiments were carried out on the boundary layer developing on a flat plate installed within a channel with a variable opening angle. The test section imposes acceleration to the boundary layer followed by deceleration, which can be varied. Time Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (TR-PIV) and Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) data have been acquired on the boundary layer evolution, as well as the free-stream properties in terms of mean velocity and fluctuating velocity components. The overall test matrix spans 3 Reynolds numbers (70,000;150,000;220,000), 4 free-stream turbulence intensity levels (Tu=1.5;2.5;3.5;5%) and 4 pressure gradients (opening angle α=0;5;9;12deg). This large variation of flow parameters allows a gradual shift of the mode of transition from a bypass process in attached flow, occurring with zero (Blasius like) and mild adverse pressure gradients at high free-stream turbulence, to separated-flow transition, occurring with low Reynolds number, low free-stream turbulence intensity and elevated adverse pressure gradient.